They are needed because damp insulation loses much of its value.
Do attic vents help cool house.
Attic ventilation fans help cool air your attic by pushing out the stifling hot air from inside the attic and bringing in cool air from outside.
In addition hot air in your attic could increase moisture levels which could result in wood rot and mold growth.
Vapor barriers can take the form of plastic.
This prevents hot air from seeping into your home and driving up the temperature in the living space which reduces the load on your air conditioner.
In fact there is good data in the comments that it does cool the house.
Unless your roofing system has insulation on the roofing deck and is designed without ventilation your furnace should not be heating your attic.
If hot air is allowed to sit in your attic it could overheat the shingles on your roof and cause damage.
However if your attic has blocked soffit vents and is not well sealed from the rest of the house attic fans will suck cool conditioned air up out of the house and into the attic.
Unlike a ventilation fan a whole house fan an attic mounted fan that exhausts air from a home at night is designed to cool a house that is to lower the indoor temperature.
Cool regardless of the attic temperature.
Poor insulation is usually the culprit although if you enter the attic on sunny winter day your attic space can be warmed by the sun more than your furnace.
When an attic fan is operating during the hottest summer days the temperature in your attic can drop by as much as 50 degrees.
Vapor barriers in the attic keep moisture rising from your living space away from the insulation.
It is designed to lower the temperature of an attic by exhausting air from the attic and replacing attic air with outdoor air.
Vents do provide some passive cooling but not enough to truly reduce your indoor temperatures.
Intake vents located at the lowest part of the roof under.
Attic fans are intended to cool hot attics by drawing in cooler outside air from attic vents soffit and gable and pushing hot air to the outside.
Having a properly vented attic is the best way to keep attic cool because it allows the hot air to escape during the summer.
The point is that in some cases the cooling could be inefficient or even dangerous if drawing conditioned air or creating backdraft or humidity problems.